From: entekhab.ir
Subject: ۵ مورد از عوارض پرخوری
Date: Thu, 14 May 2026 12:08:12 +0330
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/related;
	boundary="--26EFCBD0C3616C0E6E402B368CE2706A_MULTIPART_MIXED";
	type="text/html"
X-MimeOLE: Produced By IRANSAMANEH.COM

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

----26EFCBD0C3616C0E6E402B368CE2706A_MULTIPART_MIXED
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Location: http://mhtfile/index.html
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----26EFCBD0C3616C0E6E402B368CE2706A_MULTIPART_MIXED
Content-Type: image/vnd.microsoft.icon
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Location: http://mhtfile/favicon.ico
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----26EFCBD0C3616C0E6E402B368CE2706A_MULTIPART_MIXED--